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A Systematic Literature Review on Cyber Security Education for Children

Sağlam, Rahime Belen, Miller, Vincent, Franqueira, Virginia N. L. (2023) A Systematic Literature Review on Cyber Security Education for Children. IEEE Transactions on Education, 66 (3). pp. 274-266. ISSN 0018-9359. (doi:10.1109/TE.2022.3231019) (KAR id:99071)

Abstract

Contribution: This paper presents a systematic literature review of research concerning cyber security education for children (under 18s) on a global scale.

Background: While the internet brings great convenience to children, it can potentially cause harms due to lack of knowledge about online risks.

Research Questions: 1. What cyber security skills are taught to children worldwide? 2. What are key strategies/methods for cyber security education? 3. What stakeholders are regarded as responsible for cyber security education of children?

Methodology: Using the PRISMA protocol for literature search, 412 papers published between January 2015 and June 2021 were retrieved and 44 were identified for thematic analysis.

Findings: The content considered for cyber security education varies greatly between nations, being therefore inconsistent and filled with gaps. This paper suggests curriculum content framed around six broad categories of cyber security awareness for educators and policy makers to follow, and further recommends that curriculum should be influenced not only by expert advice, but also through a ‘bottom-up’ approach listening to children’s voice to adequately gauge the level of internet engagement and their activities. This paper finds that innovative teaching methods (e.g., gamification) are claimed to provide ‘hands on’ and ‘real life’ experiences that greatly enhance traditional classroom teaching (e.g., mentoring), but existing literature lacks evaluation of comparative effectiveness. Lastly, the paper finds that the primary provider for cyber security education, from the sample analysed, is regarded as schoolteachers, supported by parents and by a formal curriculum resourced adequately by governments.

Item Type: Article
DOI/Identification number: 10.1109/TE.2022.3231019
Additional information: © 2023 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.
Uncontrolled keywords: Education, Skills, Cyber security, Online safety, School, Children, Teaching, SLR, PRISMA.
Subjects: L Education > LB Theory and practice of education
L Education > LB Theory and practice of education > LB1501 Primary Education
L Education > LB Theory and practice of education > LB1603 Secondary Education. High school teaching
Divisions: Divisions > Division of Computing, Engineering and Mathematical Sciences > School of Computing
University-wide institutes > Institute of Cyber Security for Society
Depositing User: Virginia Franqueira
Date Deposited: 11 Dec 2022 18:08 UTC
Last Modified: 05 Jun 2023 14:54 UTC
Resource URI: https://kar.kent.ac.uk/id/eprint/99071 (The current URI for this page, for reference purposes)

University of Kent Author Information

Sağlam, Rahime Belen.

Creator's ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6969-6451
CReDIT Contributor Roles:

Miller, Vincent.

Creator's ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7193-5378
CReDIT Contributor Roles:

Franqueira, Virginia N. L..

Creator's ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1332-9115
CReDIT Contributor Roles:
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