Backstage Participation: Mess and Muddle in Youth-Focused, Arts-Based Mental Health Research

This paper introduces two methodological innovations designed to enhance the transparency, ethics, and creative rigor of youth-focused participatory research in mental health. First, we conceptualize ‘Invisible Ink’ as a metaphor for latent participant knowledge—insights rooted in lived experience that remain hidden without specific relational and analytic scaffolds. Second, we model ‘Backstage Cafés as emergent, informal third spaces where young people, researchers, and practitioners co-create trust, surface vulnerabilities, and negotiate power relations before stepping into formal research activities. Drawing on co-authored reflections from the UKRI-funded Attune and Create projects (n ≈ 200 participants, aged 10–24), we demonstrate how these tools operated across two iterative phases: (1) collaborative inquiry into ‘meaningful mess’—where uncertainty and vulnerability fuel creative exploration—and (2) management of ‘messy muddles’—complex ethical dilemmas and role ambiguities that arose in real time. Through a six-stage writing process combining surveys, interviews, collaborative coding, and a residential retreat, we illustrate how Invisible Ink and Backstage Cafés enabled genuine co-production of methodological insights, flattened traditional hierarchies, and sustained participant agency throughout data collection, analysis, and dissemination. Implications for qualitative and mixed-methods researchers include guidelines for integrating unstructured relational spaces, deliberately surfacing hidden contributions, and maintaining ethical reflexivity in long-term participatory endeavours. By foregrounding the dynamics of backstage processes, the behind-the-scenes activities that support the public facing participatory work, this paper advances participatory methodology beyond static frameworks toward a fluid, ethically accountable paradigm.