The state-of-the-art development and new challenges: operations management of metro systems

This paper comprehensively reviews literature on the operations management of metro systems, which are crucial for urban mass transit. It classifies the existing research into five categories: 1) passenger demand prediction; 2) timetabling and scheduling; 3) system vulnerability, resilience and performance; 4) resource planning; and 5) evacuation optimization. The paper focuses on publications in the last decade in order to reflect the latest research and industrial trends. In addition, some limitations of the existing literature are located and the potential knowledge gaps are identified. The paper provides a useful reference for developing sustainable and resilient metro systems to meet the needs of expanding cities while maintaining high standards of safety, reliability, and efficiency.