Doubly and Triply Charged Species Formed from Chlorobenzene Reveal Unusual C–Cl Multiple Bonding

In free-radical halogenation of aromatics, singly charged ions are usually formed as intermediates. These stable species can be easily observed by time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS). Here we used electron and proton beams to ionize chlorobenzene (C6H5Cl) and investigate the ions stability by TOF-MS. Additionally to the singly charged parent ion and its fragments, we find a significant yield of doubly and triply charged parent ions not previously reported. In order to characterize these species, we used high-level theoretical methods based on density functional theory (DFT), coupled-cluster (CC), and generalized valence bond (GVB) to calculate the structure, relative stabilities, and bonding of these dications and trications. The most stable isomers exhibit unusual carbon-chlorine multiple bonding: a terminal C═Cl double bond in a formyl-like CHCl moiety (1, rC–Cl = 1.621 Å) and a ketene-like C═C═Cl cumulated species (2, rC–Cl = 1.542 Å). The calculations suggest that an excited state of 2 has a nitrile-like C≡Cl triple bond structure.