An analysis of some central mechanisms of reproduction in advanced capitalism: a comparative study of the U.K. and Italy from 1948-1983

The central argument of the thesis is that mechanisms sustaining the reproductive conditions in advanced capitalism, are based on a differential distribution of knowledge, skills and resources, which for the majority is rational and progressive.

This thesis seeks to understand, in a comparative study, the connecting mechanisms which operate during the structural, cultural and political development of society, and why pluralistic conceptions and individual choices appear to be consistent with relatively stable civil and political institutions.

The thesis first postulates a general proposition and critically reviews the foremost theories of social and cultural reproduction and more latterly resistance theories. It also outlines in some detail the theories of Antonio Gramsci and comments on its relevance in modern society. Secondly a critique is made of the functionalist approach to understanding social phenomena and its problems and usefulness in this thesis. Thirdly the importance of education is discussed in the context of regional differential development. Fourthly Gramsci's problematic of hegemony and the cultural development of society is argued in terms of why modern institutional democracy is able to resist radical political change. Fifthly all the various arguments are brought together so that the mechanisms are clearly identified. In conclusion, based on the visible development of the two cases, I discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the present cultural and political development.

This thesis therefore contributes to both our theoretical and empirical understanding of advanced society.