# Density and coverage values as indicators of thermal diversity in open spaces: Comparative analysis of London and Paris based on sun and wind shadow maps

Chatzipoulka, Christina, Steemers, Koen, Nikolopoulou, Marialena (2020) Density and coverage values as indicators of thermal diversity in open spaces: Comparative analysis of London and Paris based on sun and wind shadow maps. Cities, 100 . ISSN 0264-2751. (doi:10.1016/j.cities.2020.102645) (Access to this publication is currently restricted. You may be able to access a copy if URLs are provided) (KAR id:80319)

A mathematical formula for quantifying thermal diversity is proposed, and used for computing average and instantaneous values for 132 urban forms. The relationship of thermal diversity with the two variables is found to be statistically significant (R$$^2$$ > 0.5), and best fit is achieved by polynomial curves. Solving the equations, the density and coverage values that maximize thermal diversity are identified for the two cities. To interpret the findings, the effect of built obstruction on the occurrence of the four microclimatic combinations considered (i.e. sunny-windy, sunny-lee, shaded-lee, shaded-windy) is examined. Lastly, examples of urban forms are discussed in relation to their geometry and performance.