The "con" of concept analysis. A discussion paper which explores and critiques the ontological focus, reliability and antecedents of concept analysis frameworks.

This paper draws on the work of Paley and Duncan et al in order to extend and engender debate regarding the use of Concept

Analysis frameworks. Despite the apparent plethora of Concept Analysis frameworks used in nursing studies we found that over

half of those used were derived from the work of one author. This paper explores the suitability and use of these frameworks and

is set at a time when the numbers of published concept analysis papers are increasing.

For the purpose of this study thirteen commonly used frameworks, identified from the nursing journals 1993 to 2005, were

explored to reveal their origins, ontological and philosophical stance, and any common elements. The frameworks were critiqued

and links made between their antecedents. It was noted if the articles contained discussion of any possible tensions between the

ontological perspective of the framework used, the process of analysis, praxis and possible nursing theory developments.

It was found that the thirteen identified frameworks are mainly based on hermeneutic propositions regarding understandings

and are interpretive procedures founded on self-reflective modes of discovery. Six frameworks rely on or include the use of

casuistry. Seven of the frameworks identified are predicated on, or adapt the work of Wilson, a school master writing for his

pupils. Wilson’s framework has a simplistic eleven step, binary and reductionist structure. Other frameworks identified include

Morse et al’s framework which this article suggests employs a contestable theory of concept maturity.

Based on the findings revealed through our exploration of the use of concept analysis frameworks in the nursing literature,

concerns were raised regarding the unjustified adaptation and alterations and the uncritical use of the frameworks. There is little

evidence that these frameworks provide the necessary depth, rigor or replicability to enable the development in nursing theory

which they underpin.