Prevalence and psychological risk factors: A structural equation model of voyeurism engagement in men

Voyeurism has been, and continues to be, a growing problem worldwide, particularly with the rise of technology. Yet, unlike many other sexual offences, the characteristics and risk factors associated with voyeurism remain underexplored. Using a sample of UK men (N = 492), Study 1 examined sexual arousal, proclivity, and engagement in voyeurism in the general population. Results indicated that 32.30% reported engaging in voyeurism, supporting the suitability of the sample for further investigation. Study 2 sampled UK men (N = 513) and categorised participants into three groups: (1) no desire or engagement, (2) desire without engagement, and (3) engagement in voyeurism. Groups differed across several psychological measures. A structural equation model demonstrated that sexual interest in voyeurism strongly predicted engagement, with sexual compulsivity and socio-relational factors (loneliness, self-efficacy in romantic relationships, and resilient coping) also playing important roles. Findings are discussed in relation to the aetiology of sexual offending and implications for practice.