Systematic review and future perspectives on cascading failures in supply chains: modeling and optimization

Under the impact of cascading failures, the failure of a small number of nodes in a supply chain network can trigger a chain reaction, leading to the impairment or even collapse of the entire supply chain system. Cascading failures have become a critical bottleneck affecting the stability and reliability of supply chains, attracting widespread attention from researchers. To better understand the complex mechanisms of cascading failures in supply chains, this paper systematically reviews the current research progress, covering network metrics, failure triggering factors, modeling methods, and optimization strategies. Finally, the paper highlights the challenges in network coupling, model realism, recovery optimization, and risk prediction in existing research, and proposes future research directions to provide theoretical support and decision-making guidance for mitigating cascading failures in supply chains.