Staple-based frequency selective surfaces for electromagnetic control in buildings

This paper introduces a novel approach for using standard staples to create frequency selective surfaces (FSS) for controlling electromagnetic (EM) propagation within buildings. Single and dual polarized solutions are proposed in an initial configuration where off-the-shelf heavy-duty staples are arranged in a square lattice. Such design resonates at the widely used 2.4 GHz band with a -10 dB rejection bandwidth of about 20%. The design is stable to angle of incidence, particularly for leg lengths of over 0.026 λ. Parametric studies of the various dimensions and building material placement are included. An alternative design, featuring two staples arranged in a cross configuration, one placed directly on top of the other, operates at the 2.37 GHz band and offers improved angular stability and wider bandwidth, albeit with increased bulk. The resonant frequency of widely used staples in the two configurations is also provided, illustrating the ample possibilities. Simulations are confirmed experimentally. This work lays the foundation for the on-site deployment of staple FSSs as a durable, flexible solution to enhance the electromagnetic (EM) architecture of buildings.