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Development and optimisation of influenza C and influenza D pseudotyped viruses.

Marotta, Maria Giovanna, Neto, Martin Mayora, Daly, Janet, Maina, Meshach, van Diemen, Pauline, Everett, Helen, Lucente, Maria Stella, Camero, Michele, Montomoli, Emanuele, Trombetta, Claudia Maria, and others. (2025) Development and optimisation of influenza C and influenza D pseudotyped viruses. Journal of Virological Methods, 339 . Article Number 115243. ISSN 0166-0934. (doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2025.115243) (KAR id:111186)

Abstract

To facilitate the study of influenza C (ICV) and influenza D (IDV) viruses, we generated lentiviral pseudotyped viruses (PVs) expressing the hemagglutinin-esterase fusion (HEF) glycoprotein from ICV (C/Minnesota/33/2015) and IDV (D/Swine/Italy/199724-3/2015, D/Bovine/France/5920/2014, and D/Bovine/Ibaraki/7768/2016). The production of these PVs was optimised using different amount of human airway trypsin-like (HAT) protease to enhance HEF maturation, and the transduction efficiency was evaluated in multiple cell lines. Using these PVs, we established a pseudovirus-based microneutralisation (pMN) assay to measure neutralising antibody responses and adapted an esterase activity assay to evaluate PV. Specific antisera neutralised PVs but failed to inhibit esterase activity. These findings confirm that ICV and IDV PVs provide a scalable, sensitive, and safe tool for antiviral screening, and sero-epidemiological research.

Item Type: Article
DOI/Identification number: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2025.115243
Uncontrolled keywords: hemagglutinin esterase fusion; immunity; influenza D virus; pseudotyped virus; influenza C virus
Subjects: R Medicine
Institutional Unit: Schools > Medway School of Pharmacy
Former Institutional Unit:
There are no former institutional units.
Funders: European Union (https://ror.org/019w4f821)
SWORD Depositor: JISC Publications Router
Depositing User: JISC Publications Router
Date Deposited: 18 Sep 2025 08:35 UTC
Last Modified: 20 Sep 2025 03:22 UTC
Resource URI: https://kar.kent.ac.uk/id/eprint/111186 (The current URI for this page, for reference purposes)

University of Kent Author Information

Neto, Martin Mayora.

Creator's ORCID:
CReDIT Contributor Roles: Writing - review and editing, Investigation

da Costa, Kelly.

Creator's ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6352-3843
CReDIT Contributor Roles: Conceptualisation, Investigation, Supervision, Data curation, Writing - review and editing

Temperton, Nigel J..

Creator's ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7978-3815
CReDIT Contributor Roles: Conceptualisation, Resources, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing - review and editing
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