Genome engineering in biodiversity conservation and restoration

van Oosterhout, Cock, Supple, Megan A., Morales, Hernán E., Birley, Thomas, Tatayah, Vikash, Jones, Carl G., Whitford, Harriet L., Tollington, Simon, Ruhomaun, Kevin, Groombridge, Jim J., and others. (2025) Genome engineering in biodiversity conservation and restoration. Nature Reviews Biodiversity, . ISSN 3005-0677. (doi:10.1038/s44358-025-00065-6) (Access to this publication is currently restricted. You may be able to access a copy if URLs are provided) (KAR id:110693)

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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s44358-025-00065-6

Abstract

Biodiversity loss resulting from habitat destruction, climate change and other anthropogenic pressures threatens the resilience of ecosystems globally. Traditional conservation methods are critically important for immediate species survival, but they cannot restore genetic diversity that has been lost from the species’ gene pool. Advances in genome engineering offer a transformative solution by enabling the targeted restoration of genetic diversity from historical samples, biobanks and related species. In this Perspective, we explore the integration of genome editing technologies into biodiversity conservation, and discuss the benefits and risks associated with genetic rescue via genome engineering. We highlight case studies demonstrating the potential to reduce genetic load, recover lost adaptive traits, and fortify populations against emerging challenges such as disease and climate change. We also discuss ethical, societal and economic considerations, emphasizing the importance of equitable access and public engagement. When combined with habitat restoration and other traditional conservation actions, genome engineering can make species more resilient against future environmental change in the Anthropocene.

Item Type:	Article
DOI/Identification number:	10.1038/s44358-025-00065-6
Subjects:	Q Science > QH Natural history > QH75 Conservation (Biology)
Institutional Unit:	Schools > School of Natural Sciences > Conservation Institutes > Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology
Former Institutional Unit:	There are no former institutional units.
Funders:	European Council for Construction Research, Development and Innovation (https://ror.org/00d7nha28) Royal Society (https://ror.org/03wnrjx87)
Depositing User:	Jim Groombridge
Date Deposited:	18 Jul 2025 15:06 UTC
Last Modified:	15 Oct 2025 02:45 UTC
Resource URI:	https://kar.kent.ac.uk/id/eprint/110693 (The current URI for this page, for reference purposes)

University of Kent Author Information

Groombridge, Jim J..

Creator's ORCID:	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6941-8187
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