A IoT-based Novel Methodology to Optimize Multidimensional Flood Resilience of Drainage Systems for Sponge City

With the study of intra-city flooding, the construction of sponge cities has advanced significantly. Sponge cities enhance a city’s capacity to absorb and retain rainwater, thereby reducing the frequency and severity of urban flooding. However, in recent years, extreme rainfall events have led to poor performance in terms of rainwater absorption, storage, and release, resulting in severe casualties and significant economic losses. This paper focuses on both the internal operation and external environment of sponge city drainage systems. Externally, the goal is to reduce surface runoff after heavy rainfall, while internally, the aim is to improve the drainage system's ability to prevent, withstand, and recover from exceptionally heavy rainstorms. A novel multidimensional flood resilience assessment method is proposed, leveraging Internet of Things (IoT) technology to evaluate the performance of sponge cities. Corresponding multidimensional flood resilience optimization strategies are introduced to enhance surface runoff management after rainfall and improve the sponge city performance in the prevention, resistance, and recovery stages. Finally, a software, Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), was used to simulate an area in of Zhengzhou City during the “720” rainstorm, validating the feasibility of the proposed method.