Inaction, individual action and collective action as responses to housing dissatisfaction: a comparative study of Budapest and Moscow

The article treats inaction, individual action and collective action (protest) as a linked set of responses housing dissatisfaction, rather than prioritizing the latter over the two former as is usual, and compares the situation in the two cities. It is shown that inaction is concentrated among the poorest groups (and there is no evidence of thir showing 'loyalty' as Hirschman argues), that individual action is the commonest response especially among those with middle or higher incomes, and that collective action is very rare, though it does exist in Moscow where strong motivation combines with an unfavourable political and mobilization context.