Are e-scooters active transport? Measured physical activity outputs of e-scooter riding vs walking

Introduction: E-scooters have been adopted into the urban transportation network as a convenient, environmentally friendly, and low-cost mode of transportation intended to reduce vehicle dependence over short distances. However, there is a concern that e-scooters displace active modes of transport such as walking and therefore have the potential to negatively impact physical activity (PA), health and well-being. Currently, limited evidence exists to accurately quantify energy expenditure, and physiological and psychological responses to an acute bout of e-scooter riding.

Methods: This study compared a 15-minute bout of e-scooter riding to time-matched resting and walking conditions using a randomised crossover trial conducted in a controlled laboratory setting. The resting condition was performed in a supine position, and both e-scooter and walking were performed on a motorised treadmill. Cardiorespiratory measures were recorded for each condition using online gas analysis, and the metabolic equivalent of task (MET) minutes were used to determine energy expenditure. Subjective experience was also measured post-walking and e-scooter conditions.

Results: 15 minutes of walking yielded significantly greater MET minutes (55 ± 7 MET-min) compared to both resting (15 ± 4 MET-min, P < 0.001, d = 7.38) and e-scooter (24 ± 6 MET-min, P < 0.001, d = 5.18) conditions. Psychological well-being was significantly greater (P < 0.001, d = 0.648) following walking (19.2 ± 4.1) compared to e-scooter (17.1 ± 4.5). Psychological distress (P = 0.40) was significantly lower post-walking (5.0 ± 1.8) compared to e-scooter (5.8 ± 2.6).

Conclusion: In a controlled laboratory environment, riding an e-scooter resulted in significantly less energy expenditure and elicited an unfavourable psychological response compared to walking. Regular e-scooter use could displace PA participation and increase physical inactivity with resultant negative health consequences. PA engagement and health guidelines should be considered in the strategic development of electric micro-mobility transportation.