Flexibility stigma across Europe: How national contexts can shift the extent to which flexible workers are stigmatised

Although flexible working has expanded rapidly, especially post-pandemic, biased views against flexible workers – namely, flexibility stigma - are still prevalent and returning. Flexibility stigma hinders worker’s take up of flexible working arrangements and can make flexible working arrangements result in negative outcomes for worker’s well-being and productivity. This study examines how national cultural and policy contexts shape flexibility stigma levels within a country. We use the Eurobarometer dataset of 2018, covering 28 European countries, matched with national level aggregate data on policy and culture, and a multilevel approach to do this. Results show that in countries with a more work-life friendly work culture and egalitarian gender norms we see less prevalence of flexibility stigma. Similarly, in countries with generous family-friendly policies, workers are less likely to have negative perception towards flexible working. Finally, stronger bargaining positions of workers, may it be through stronger union power or through better labour market conditions, helps remove stigmatised views around workers who use flexible working arrangements. This study evidences the importance of contexts that shape views around flexible working, to help us better understand policy changes needed to ensure better flexible working practices.