Categorizing discourses of welfare chauvinism: Temporal, selective, functional and cultural dimensions

Welfare chauvinism, i.e. the exclusion of non-citizens who live permanently within a state from social benefits and services, has become a mainstream form of welfare policy opposition advocated by some political parties and members of the public. While existing studies have successfully cast a light on the roots and scope of these policies, welfare chauvinism effectively encompasses a wide range of ideas that all have different meanings. Drawing on the existing literature, this paper offers an account of the part played by welfare chauvinism in political discourse both on the part of parties and the mass public, and identifies five categories: temporal chauvinism, territorial chauvinism, functional chauvinism, cultural chauvinism and, in its most extreme form, unconditional chauvinism. The article then illustrates how such categorisation are applied empirically by focusing on the stances taken by three populist radical right parties and open-ended discussions held during mini-publics in examples of three different institutional forms of welfare state: Denmark, Germany and the United Kingdom. his paper offers a more precise depiction of how this form, of opposition to welfare state policies plays out in the public sphere, taking full account of how different forms of welfare chauvinism yield different policy outcomes and implications in different institutional and political contexts.