Profiling Antibody Response Patterns in COVID-19: Spike S1-Reactive IgA Signature in the Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Siracusano, Gabriel, Brombin, Chiara, Pastori, Claudia, Cugnata, Federica, Noviello, Maddalena, Tassi, Elena, Princi, Denise, Cantoni, Diego, Malnati, Mauro S., Maugeri, Norma, and others. (2021) Profiling Antibody Response Patterns in COVID-19: Spike S1-Reactive IgA Signature in the Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Frontiers in Immunology, 12 . Article Number 772239. ISSN 1664-3224. (doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.772239) (KAR id:91304)

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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.772239

Abstract

This contribution explores in a new statistical perspective the antibody responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 141 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients exhibiting a broad range of clinical manifestations. This cohort accurately reflects the characteristics of the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Italy. We determined the IgM, IgA, and IgG levels towards SARS-CoV-2 S1, S2, and NP antigens, evaluating their neutralizing activity and relationship with clinical signatures. Moreover, we longitudinally followed 72 patients up to 9 months postsymptoms onset to study the persistence of the levels of antibodies. Our results showed that the majority of COVID-19 patients developed an early virus-specific antibody response. The magnitude and the neutralizing properties of the response were heterogeneous regardless of the severity of the disease. Antibody levels dropped over time, even though spike reactive IgG and IgA were still detectable up to 9 months. Early baseline antibody levels were key drivers of the subsequent antibody production and the long-lasting protection against SARS-CoV-2. Importantly, we identified anti-S1 IgA as a good surrogate marker to predict the clinical course of COVID-19. Characterizing the antibody response after SARS-CoV-2 infection is relevant for the early clinical management of patients as soon as they are diagnosed and for implementing the current vaccination strategies.

Item Type:	Article
DOI/Identification number:	10.3389/fimmu.2021.772239
Uncontrolled keywords:	COVID-19, neutralizing antibodies, clinical outcome, VOC, SARS-CoV-2
Subjects:	Q Science > QR Microbiology > QR355 Virology
Divisions:	Divisions > Division of Natural Sciences > Medway School of Pharmacy
Depositing User:	Nigel Temperton
Date Deposited:	03 Nov 2021 14:41 UTC
Last Modified:	09 Dec 2022 05:20 UTC
Resource URI:	https://kar.kent.ac.uk/id/eprint/91304 (The current URI for this page, for reference purposes)

University of Kent Author Information

Temperton, Nigel J..

Creator's ORCID:	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7978-3815
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