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Bulk-Sensitive Soft X-ray Edge Probing for Elucidation of Charge Compensation in Battery Electrodes

Fehse, Marcus, Sahle, Christoph J., Hogan, Matteo P., Cavallari, Chiara, Kelder, Erik M., Alfredsson, Maria, Longo, Alessandro (2019) Bulk-Sensitive Soft X-ray Edge Probing for Elucidation of Charge Compensation in Battery Electrodes. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 123 (40). pp. 24396-24403. ISSN 1932-7447. (doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b06552) (KAR id:79184)

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https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b06552

Abstract

To this day, elucidating the charge transfer process in electrode materials upon electrochemical cycling remains a challenge, primarily due to the complexity of chemical reactions at the electrode surfaces. Here, we present an elegant and reliable method to probe bulk-sensitive soft edges for elucidating anodic and cathodic charge compensation contribution via X-ray Raman scattering spectroscopy. By using a hard X-ray incident beam, this technique circumvents surface limitations and is practically free of self-absorption due to its nonresonant nature. In addition, it does not require complex sample preparation or experimental setups, making it an ideal tool for potential in situ analysis of the electronic structure of electrode materials. In this study, we monitored, for the first time, bulk soft edges of both oxygen and transition metal (iron) of the cathode material \(Li_2FeSiO_4\) during one complete electrochemical cycle concurrently. Our results reveal that the redox mechanism relies primarily on the iron (cathodic) contribution. Nevertheless, a change in electron confinement of the oxygen suggests its active involvement in the charge compensation process (anodic). Moreover, we were able to support the experimentally observed changes in the electronic structure with ab initio-based simulation.

Item Type: Article
DOI/Identification number: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b06552
Uncontrolled keywords: X-ray Raman Scattering; Soft x-ray edges; Li-ion batteries; high voltage cathode materials; anodic charge compensation; Li2FeSiO4
Divisions: Divisions > Division of Natural Sciences > School of Physical Sciences
Depositing User: Maria Alfredsson
Date Deposited: 06 Dec 2019 10:20 UTC
Last Modified: 16 Feb 2021 14:10 UTC
Resource URI: https://kar.kent.ac.uk/id/eprint/79184 (The current URI for this page, for reference purposes)
Alfredsson, Maria: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2843-1641
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