The face validity of an initial sub-typology of adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders Detained in Hospital

Background: Adults with intellectual disabilities experience extensive health inequalities; some evidence suggests they also have greater dental treatment needs. We investigated prevalence and determinants of poor oral health in adults with intellectual disabilities. Method: The adult population (16 years+) of people with intellectual disabilities living within one geographical area, were recruited. Each participant underwent a dental examination. We compared this with dental data on the Scottish general population (Scottish Health Survey). Descriptive statistics on prevalence and determinants of poor oral health were generated. Results: 560 adults with intellectual disabilities participated; 298 males (53.2 %) and 262 (46.8%) females, aged 46 years (16–79). 178 (31.8%) were edentulous (complete absence of teeth) compared to 384 (15.1%) of the general population; this inequality was evident from early adulthood, and widened with progressive age groups. Edentate adults had more severe intellectual disabilities, took antipsychotic medication, and lived in both the least and most deprived areas. Type of accommodation, autism, and problem behaviours did not predict being edentate. Conclusion: Adults with intellectual disabilities need proactive supportive oral care to avoid their ability to eat and quality of life deteriorating from this largely avoidable condition, regardless of where and with whom they live.