Collective outflow from a small multiple stellar system

Peters, Thomas, Klaassen, Pamela D., Mac Low, Mordecai-Mark, Schrön, Martin, Federrath, Christoph, Smith, Michael D., Klessen, Ralf S. (2014) Collective outflow from a small multiple stellar system. Astrophysical Journal, 788 (1). pp. 14-31. ISSN 0004-637X. E-ISSN 1538-4357. (doi:10.1088/0004-637X/788/1/14) (KAR id:50079)

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Abstract

The formation of high-mass stars is usually accompanied by powerful protostellar outflows. Such high-mass outflows are not simply scaled-up versions of their lower-mass counterparts, since observations suggest that the collimation degree degrades with stellar mass. Theoretically, the origins of massive outflows remain open to question because radiative feedback and fragmentation of the accretion flow around the most massive stars, with $$M$$ > 15 $$M$$$$\bigodot$$ , may impede the driving of magnetic disk winds. We here present a three-dimensional simulation of the early stages of core fragmentation and massive star formation that includes a subgrid-scale model for protostellar outflows. We find that stars that form in a common accretion flow tend to have aligned outflow axes, so that the individual jets of multiple stars can combine to form a collective outflow. We compare our simulation to observations with synthetic H$$_2$$ and CO observations and find that the morphology and kinematics of such a collective outflow resembles some observed massive outflows, such as Cepheus A and DR 21. We finally compare physical quantities derived from simulated observations of our models to the actual values in the models to examine the reliability of standard methods for deriving physical quantities, demonstrating that those methods indeed recover the actual values to within a factor of two to three. Â© 2014. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved..

Item Type: Article 10.1088/0004-637X/788/1/14 ISM: jets and outflows, radiative transfer, stars: formation, stars: massive Q Science > QB Astronomy > QB460 Astrophysics Divisions > Division of Natural Sciences > Physics and Astronomy Giles Tarver 10 Aug 2015 15:40 UTC 03 Sep 2021 14:00 UTC https://kar.kent.ac.uk/id/eprint/50079 (The current URI for this page, for reference purposes) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4289-5952