Grassroots political action as an intergroup phenomenon

A theoretical model of grassroots activism is presented based upon an integration of concepts from the intergroup relations literature and a modification of Ajzen's (1987) theory of planned behavior. The model emphasizes identification with grassroots organizations and perceived efficacy as important variables moderating the effects of other constructs (including perceived conflict, ingroup relative deprivation, and ingroup biases) on intentions regarding overt grassroots action. Support for components of the model is derived from the existing literature on political activism and several studies on peace activism and abortion rights activism. The model's methodological, theoretical, and practical implications are discussed.