Effects of phoneme repetition in spoken utterance generation.

The degree of phonological advance planning in

spoken production was investigated with a paradigm

in which speakers performed speeded naming

responses to coloured line drawings of objects.

Colours and object names were chosen such that a

phoneme matched, or mismatched, between adjective

and noun. A facilitatory effect of repeated

phoneme was demonstrated, which was found not

only when the phoneme occupied the word-initial

position (“green goat”), but also in the central

(“black pan”) or word-final (“black monk”) position.

These results imply that speakers planned the phonological content of the entire phrase before starting their articulation. A facilitatory effect was additionally found when the repeated phoneme occupied a different position within each word (“green flag”). The latter result suggests that the spoken production system represents segments independently of their position within a word.