Complementary roles of virtual and real trials in medicine: An interplay of virtuous spirals

Samei, Ehsan, Vancoillie, Liesbeth, Wilde, Michael, Frangi, Alejandro F, Abadi, Ehsan, Bakic, Predrag R, Bliznakova, Kristina, Bosmans, Hilde, Carton, Ann-Katherine, Darambara, Dimitra G, and others. (2026) Complementary roles of virtual and real trials in medicine: An interplay of virtuous spirals. PNAS Nexus, 5 (9). Article Number pgag310. ISSN 2752-6542. (doi:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag310) (KAR id:116584)

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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus%2Fpgag310

Abstract

Virtual trials provide medical knowledge and practical methods for generating evidence through computational methods. But extending beyond those advantages, they offer epistemic opportunities to add mechanistic explainability to predictive inference of real trials. Relating the distinct contributions and ontology of virtual and real trials enables a transformative convergence of biological and clinical insights that they embody.

Item Type:	Article
DOI/Identification number:	10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag310
Uncontrolled keywords:	virtual imaging trials, in silico clinical trials, evidence pluralism (EBM+), digital twins in medicine
Subjects:	R Medicine
Institutional Unit:	Schools > Kent and Medway Medical School
Former Institutional Unit:	There are no former institutional units.
Depositing User:	Michael Wilde
Date Deposited:	30 Sep 2026 14:09 UTC
Last Modified:	02 Oct 2026 02:41 UTC
Resource URI:	https://kar.kent.ac.uk/id/eprint/116584 (The current URI for this page, for reference purposes)

University of Kent Author Information

Wilde, Michael.

Creator's ORCID:	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2216-0115
CReDIT Contributor Roles:	Conceptualisation (Equal), Methodology (Equal), Visualisation (Equal), Writing - original draft (Equal)

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