The cultural and medicinal importance of tulsi, rosemary, and black seed: a qualitative exploration of public and herbal practitioner perspectives

Introduction

Tulsi, rosemary, and black seed are widely used beyond their original sociocultural context globally. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of the general public and herbal practitioners regarding the cultural and medicinal significance of the three medicinal plants. Contributing to an understanding of how these medicinal plants are identified, sourced, and integrated into healthcare in the UK.

Methods

A qualitative exploration using structured interviews with the general population (n=20) and herbal practitioners (n=10) investigated cultural beliefs, usage patterns, experience, knowledge, sourcing and identification of different species, and the perceived medical benefits. A convenience sample was recruited, and all interviews were conducted online. Data were analysed thematically using NVivo.

Results

Both groups reported widespread use of all three plants for general wellbeing and specific health conditions. Cultural and religious significance strongly influenced use among the general population, while practitioners emphasised therapeutic applications. Awareness of species-level variation was limited across both groups; most participants used readily available products without considering species. Although practitioners recognised the importance of correct species for safety and efficacy, they largely relied on trusted suppliers rather than botanical identification. This highlights a disconnect between perceived importance and practical knowledge of plant identity.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that medicinal plants have been integrated through a combination of cultural continuity and adaptation to contemporary healthcare needs, in the UK. Limited species awareness, despite its recognised importance, raises the need for considerations for education, practice, and quality assurance of herbal medicine.