Frustrated by Deprivation or Privilege? Revealing Divergent Profiles of Perceived (Dis)advantage within Majority Groups

Members of ethnic majority groups vary in how they perceive their ingroup status; some see

their group as disadvantaged, whereas others recognise its structural privilege. Consistent

with this intuition, latent profile analysis of the cognitive and affective components of group-

based relative deprivation in a national probability sample of New Zealand Europeans (N =

38,415) identified five distinct profiles: Low Deprivation (45.1%), Moderate Deprivation

(31.0%), High Deprivation (10.1%), High Cognitive Deprivation (3.1%), and a novel profile

characterized by emotional discomfort about the ingroup’s privilege (i.e., high affective/low

cognitive deprivation; 10.7%). Members of this Frustrated Gratification profile were the

strongest supporters of liberal political attitudes, social equality, and Māori political

mobilization, and had the lowest levels of modern racism. These profiles replicated in two

samples from the UK. Thus, our results uncover a previously unknown profile of relative

deprivation with important implications for social change.