Enhancing multi-period, multi-commodity, multi-modal network flow optimization in the Mekong Delta

The Multi-Period, Multi-Commodity, Multi-Modal Network Flow Optimization Problem (MPMC-MNFP), which involves developing an optimization model to improve transport network efficiency and guide infrastructure investment, represents a fundamental challenge in various critical transportation systems [1]. The model for MPMC-MNFP minimizes transportation costs and travel times for passengers and goods across multiple periods and commodity types [2–4]. This study integrates strategic planning for future projects, focusing on the optimal placement of major transport hubs, improved connectivity between transport modes, and the enhancement of existing infrastructure. Validated using empirical data, the model assesses scenarios for the expansion and modernization of multimodal transport systems. To demonstrate its practical applicability in complex transportation environments, the model was applied to the Mekong Delta, Vietnam — a region characterized by an extensive multimodal network of roads and inland waterways that serves millions of residents and facilitates regional trade. The findings of this study provide valuable recommendations for optimizing transport networks in the Mekong Delta and similar regions.