IoT-enabled Spatiotemporal Resilience Analysis for an Unmanned System of Systems

As research on the Internet of Things (IoT) and unmanned equipment continues to advance, the unmanned system of systems (USS) has been developed unprecedentedly. Much of the existing research on USS focuses on the effects of changes of system resilience with respect to time, but little on spatial changes. However, USS missions might involve physical strikes against unmanned systems. Alternatively, they could involve signal jamming of data transmissions at the data layer. Therefore, it is crucial to account for variations in the performance of the data layer. Time plays a key role in determining the mission performance of the USS, while spatial location affects the transmission performance of the data layer. To examine how time and space issues impact the resilience of the USS, this paper introduces a spatiotemporal resilience assessment framework. This framework evaluates the resilience of USS from both time and space perspectives. Additionally, the paper proposes a spatiotemporal resilience optimization scheme for the entire USS mission process. The scheme enhances spatiotemporal resilience and focuses on optimization during the prevention and recovery phases. Finally, the proposed methods are validated using a case study involving a USS with positive hexagonal formation.