La riflessione di Bonagrazia da Bergamo sul giuramento prestato al papa eretico: riadattamenti a una quaestio alla luce di un nuovo esemplare manoscritto (1328-1354)

This paper focuses on the discovery of a new exemplar of a quaestio attributed to the Franciscan jurist Bonagrazia da Bergamo, one of the friar minors that in 1328 took shelter by Ludwig IV of Bavaria during the clash of the Franciscan Order with pope John XXII. This document, entitled Ad predictam questionem, rebutted the validity of the oath that the pope demanded to swear against Ludwig IV. The quaestio relies primarily on the heretical status of John XXII, which shows how far the current situation forced Bonagrazia to accept the ecclesiology of one of his former enemies within the order, Peter of John Olivi. Moreover, this unknown copy allows to shed light on the complicated process of transmission of the quaestio throughout the years 1328- 1354. In particular, the paper argues that the various modifications to its text were due to the continuous shifts in the political strategies of Ludwig IV towards the Church.